Subject: Fundamental Of Computer Troubleshooting (VU-CYB 203)
Windows is one of the most widely used operating systems, and like any OS, it can develop problems that affect system performance, stability, and usability. Understanding how to diagnose and fix common Windows issues is an essential troubleshooting skill, especially for software engineers working with Windows-based environments.
This lesson covers the most frequent categories of Windows problems and professional methods to resolve them.
BOOT ERRORS
Boot errors occur when Windows fails to start properly. They often result from corrupted system files, damaged boot configuration, faulty hardware, or incorrect settings.
Common Causes • Corrupted Boot Configuration Data (BCD)
• Missing or damaged system files
• Improper shutdown
• Faulty hard drive or bad sectors
• Failed Windows updates
• BIOS/UEFI misconfiguration
Symptoms • “Boot device not found”
• “Operating System not found”
• Infinite restart loops
• Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) during startup
Troubleshooting Steps 1. Use Startup Repair: boot from Windows installation media → Repair your computer → Troubleshoot → Startup Repair.
2. Check Disk for Errors
chkdsk C: /f /r
3. System Restore: restore the system to a previously working state.
4. Check BIOS/UEFI
6. Hardware Diagnostics
- Test the HDD/SSD
- Remove faulty RAM sticks
NETWORK CONNECTION ERRORS
Network issues are among the most common Windows problems and can result from software configurations, drivers, or hardware faults.
Common Causes • Incorrect IP or DNS settings
• Faulty network drivers
• Disabled network adapter
• Firewall blocking connections
• Router/DHCP issues
Symptoms • No internet access
• “Unidentified network”
• “DNS server isn’t responding”
• Slow or unstable connection
Troubleshooting Steps 1. Restart Network Adapter
2. Flush and Reset Network Stack
3. Check DNS Settings
4. Update or Roll Back Drivers
5. Check Firewall Rules
6. Test with Another Device
PERMISSION PROBLEMS
Windows uses New Technology File System (NTFS) file permissions and User Account Control (UAC) to manage security. Incorrect permissions cause apps to fail or users to lose access to files and features.
Symptoms • Access denied errors
• Unable to install software
• Can’t modify/delete files
• Administrator actions blocked
• Services failing to run
Troubleshooting Steps 1. Run Program as Administrator (Many issues are resolved this way)
2. Check NTFS Permissions
3. Check Local Security Policies
4. Repair UAC Settings
5. Use Safe Mode